LEARNING GRAMMAR - Over 600 questions to develop your grammar skills - Workbook 5 Project Editor: Angela Leu Editorial Consultant: Dr Lana Israel Name: Class:

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Learning Grammar Workbook 5 New Edition 2018 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Published and Distributed by: Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 219 Henderson Road #10-04 Henderson Industrial Park Singapore 159556 Tel : +65 6276 8280 Fax : +65 6276 8292 Email: info.sg@sapgrp.com Website: www.sapgrp.com Facebook: Singapore-Asia-Publishers ALL RIGHTS RESERVED All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. ISBN-13 978-981-3212-87-9 ISBN-10 981-3212-87-X Printed in Singapore

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LEARNING GRAMMAR WORKBOOK 5 is specially designed to teach students the correct use of grammar in the English language. Lessons and exercises can be easily removed and presented as homework, class work or quizzes. The glossary and answer pages can be removed and filed away for future reference.

Table of Contents This shows clearly the objectives of each lesson, making it easy to identify and pick specific grammar topics for learning.

Grammar Lessons Each lesson has a specific learning focus and begins with concise explanatory notes and examples.

Practice Exercises The exercises are designed to supplement learning and provide relevant practice on the grammar topics taught.

Glossary Selected words from each lesson and their meanings are found here to help build vocabulary and improve comprehension.

Answers Designed as an independent booklet, the answer key contains answers to all questions, including suggested answers for open-ended questions.

Enhanced Learning FREE resources available Download My SAPeducation App Now! or go to www.sapgrp.com Additional Reproducible Activities Reproducible worksheets on selected topics are available here. These are useful as quick assessments of a child's understanding of the work taught. Lesson Plans for Parents and Teachers Ideas and suggestions on how to present each lesson to enhance learning are provided here. These are useful resources for both classroom and home learning.

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One of the problems faced by our shops and supermarkets (1) (be) theft.

There (2) (be) many kinds of theft.

One of them (3) (be) shoplifting.

Shops (4) (lose) a lot of money due to shoplifting

and they (5) (spend) even more money on ways to prevent it.

One of the ways (6) (be) to employ house detectives.

Some of the shops (7) (use) special equipment such as closed circuit television to catch the shoplifters.

One of the reasons that encourages shoplifting (8) (be) the self-service system, which has been adopted by most supermarkets and shops.

You will be surprised to know that shoplifters (9) (be) not necessarily poor or deprived.

They (10) (come) from all walks of life.

CONCORD — 'ONE OF' USING THE SINGULAR VERB FORM (Page 1) EXERCISE 1 (Page 1) EXERCISE 2 (Page 2) EXERCISE 3 (Page 3) EXERCISE 4 (Page 4)

PREPOSITIONS — 'ON', 'AT' AND 'IN' WITH REFERENCE TO TIME (Page 5) EXERCISE 5 (Page 5) EXERCISE 6 (Page 6) EXERCISE 7 (Page 7) EXERCISE 8 (Page 8)

PASSIVE VOICE USING THE FUTURE TENSE (Page 9) EXERCISE 9 (Page 9) EXERCISE 10 (Page 11) EXERCISE 11 (Page 12)

PASSIVE VOICE USING THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Page 13) EXERCISE 12 (Page 14) EXERCISE 13 (Page 15) EXERCISE 14 (Page 16)

VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT 'TO' (Page 17) EXERCISE 15 (Page 17) EXERCISE 16 (Page 18) EXERCISE 17 (Page 19)

VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE (Page 21) EXERCISE 18 (Page 21) EXERCISE 19 (Page 22) EXERCISE 20 (Page 24)

ADAPTIVE LEARNING: Diagnostic Test 1 (NUADU Lessons 1 – 6)

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Page 25) EXERCISE 21 (Page 25) EXERCISE 22 (Page 27) EXERCISE 23 (Page 28)

WH – CLAUSES (Page 29) EXERCISE 24 (Page 30) EXERCISE 25 (Page 31) EXERCISE 26 (Page 32)

GERUNDS (Page 33) EXERCISE 27 (Page 34) EXERCISE 28 (Page 35) EXERCISE 29 (Page 36) EXERCISE 30 (Page 37)

ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES (Page 39) EXERCISE 31 (Page 40) EXERCISE 32 (Page 41) EXERCISE 33 (Page 42) EXERCISE 34 (Page 44)

ADVERB CLAUSES OF PLACE USING 'WHERE' (Page 45) EXERCISE 35 (Page 45) EXERCISE 36 (Page 47)

ADVERB CLAUSES OF MANNER USING 'AS' AND 'AS THOUGH' (Page 49) EXERCISE 37 (Page 49) EXERCISE 38 (Page 50) EXERCISE 39 (Page 52)

ADVERB CLAUSES OF PURPOSE USING 'SO THAT' (Page 53) EXERCISE 40 (Page 53) EXERCISE 41 (Page 55) EXERCISE 42 (Page 56)

ADAPTIVE LEARNING: Diagnostic Test 2 (NUADU Lessons 7 – 13)

INFINITIVE PHRASES (Page 57) EXERCISE 43 (Page 58) EXERCISE 44 (Page 59) EXERCISE 45 (Page 60)

ADVERBS — 'ALREADY', 'JUST' AND 'YET' (Page 61) EXERCISE 46 (Page 62) EXERCISE 47 (Page 63) EXERCISE 48 (Page 64)

PRONOUNS — 'ONE' AND 'ONES' (Page 65) EXERCISE 49 (Page 66) EXERCISE 50 (Page 67)

MAKING SUGGESTIONS WITH 'LET'S ...' (Page 69) EXERCISE 51 (Page 70) EXERCISE 52 (Page 71)

PHRASAL VERBS (Page 73) EXERCISE 53 (Page 76) EXERCISE 54 (Page 77) EXERCISE 55 (Page 78)

ADAPTIVE LEARNING: Diagnostic Test 3 (NUADU Lessons 14 – 18)

REPORTED SPEECH (NO CHANGE OF TENSE) (Page 79) EXERCISE 56 (Page 80) EXERCISE 57 (Page 82)

REPORTED SPEECH (CHANGE OF TENSE) (Page 83) EXERCISE 58 (Page 84) EXERCISE 59 (Page 86)

THE USE OF 'BRING', 'TAKE' AND 'FETCH' (Page 89) EXERCISE 60 (Page 90) EXERCISE 61 (Page 91)

EXPRESSING PREFERENCE USING 'PREFER ... TO ...' (Page 93) EXERCISE 62 (Page 93)

ADAPTIVE LEARNING: Diagnostic Test 4 (NUADU Lessons 19 – 22) Glossary (page 95) Answers (A1 ~ A3)

The phrase 'one of' tells us the number of people or things we are speaking of or writing about. It can only be used with countable nouns. When we use 'one of', (a) the noun that follows must be plural. Examples: He waved at one of the girls. One of the computers is not working. John took one of the pencils and gave it to Mary. (b) the verb that follows must be singular. Examples: One of the children is sick. One of the girls is my brother's friend. One of the boys has lost his way.

One of the students ( is , are ) absent.

One of the eggs in the basket ( was , were ) rotten.

One of my friends ( has , have ) gone home.

One of the boys ( own , owns ) a bicycle.

One of my teeth ( has , have ) decayed and must be extracted.

One of the players in our football team ( score , scores ) a goal.

One of the students ( know , knows ) where Mrs Lee is.

One of the passengers ( was , were ) injured in the accident.

One of the ladies ( carry , carries ) an umbrella.

One of the boxes ( contain , contains ) some money.

The shops are closed Sundays in this neighbourhood.

The magic show will start four o'clock.

The enemy attacked the fort dawn.

I was not in the country the day of his wedding.

It rains most heavily December.

Patrick met with an accident Friday the thirteenth.

Hurry up! Our coach leaves five minutes.

Where did you go Christmas Day?

The treaty between the two countries was signed 1824.

My father will be home a few hours' time.

One of my brothers often to the library. (go)

One of the twins great interest in his studies. (show)

One of the guards to let us go into the stadium. (refuse)

One of my uncles in a bank as a manager. (work)

One of my classmates to school every day. (cycle)

Only one of the trees in the garden fruit. (bear)

One of his sons Japanese fluently. (speak)

One of the books to me. (belong)

One of the clerks sandals to work every day. (wear)

One of the houses over a million dollars. (cost)

One of my socks a hole in it.

It is late. Everyone asleep.

One of Sharon's brothers a doctor.

All the water in the pail used to wash the car.

Every child in that group not know how to read or write yet.

Most of the food prepared by Mrs Peterson.

All the sugar been used up to bake the cake.

Fortunately, nobody bitten by the poisonous snake.

Each of the children given a miniature flag on National Day.

No one at home during the robbery.

We may think of time in three ways: (a) Days: on Example: I shall see you on Monday. (b) Exact time: at Example: He came to my house at eight o'clock. (c) Periods; months; years: in Examples: We went for a stroll in the evening. It is cold in December. Lily was born in 1988.

Mr and Mrs Wong start work ( on , at , in ) eight o'clock every day.

The examination results were announced ( on , at , in ) Tuesday.

Owls hunt for food ( on , in , at ) night.

Jane's birthday is ( on , in , at ) January.

Jacob will be enlisted in the army ( on , in , at ) 20 June.

The Dutch captured Malacca ( on , in , at ) 1641.

The show will start ( on , in , at ) half past one.

We usually jog ( on , in , at ) the evening.

The referee will blow his whistle ( on , in , at ) five minutes' time.

There is a party ( on , at , in ) New Year's Eve.

Papers to the students during the test. (will supply)

The National Anthem by the whole school. (will sing)

The goods from China to Hong Kong. (will export)

Each child a free balloon at the carnival. (will give)

The concert at the Indoor Stadium. (will hold)

The news over the radio at nine o'clock tonight. (will broadcast)

The injured man by the doctors immediately. (will treat)

The building next year. (will complete)

The movie at a nearby cinema soon. (will show)

The tickets by the usher at the entrance. (will check)

The new furniture to my house soon. (will deliver)

The police will arrest those who break the law.

The coach will choose one of the players to be the captain.

The guide will show the tourists round the museum.

The students will return the sports equipment today.

The farmer will harvest the rice in a few days' time.

The workers will complete the project next year.

The couple will hold their wedding ceremony in January.

The king will throw a banquet in the palace soon.

They will cut off the power supply tomorrow.

The mint will issue new coins next month.

When was the patient discharged? (April) He

What time will the programme be shown? (three o'clock) It

When will you leave for Australia? (five days' time) I

When will the fireworks display take place? (midnight) It

When did Pamela leave the house? (morning) She

When was Jason born? (1990) He

When did the campaign start? (the fourth of May) It

When will the plane take off? (an hour) It

When is he coming home? (Christmas Day) He

When will Lily meet Wendy? (lunchtime) She

A funfair (1) (will organise) by our school during the coming school holidays.

It (2) (will hold) in our school ground.

Each student (3) (will give) at least ten dollars worth of coupons to sell.

These coupons (4) (will sell) to friends and relatives.

Some of the teachers and their students (5) (will assign) to decorate the school and the game stalls.

All game stalls (6) (will run) by students and teachers, and all food stalls (7) (will operate) by caterers.

All game stalls (6) (will run) by students and teachers, and all food stalls (7) (will operate) by caterers.

Several important officials (8) (will invite) and a speech (9) (will give) by the Principal.

Several important officials (8) (will invite) and a speech (9) (will give) by the Principal.

All funds raised (10) (will donate) to the Community Chest.

The school holidays began (1) June.

As we were going to drive there, we left our house early one morning (2) about six o'clock.

We left early (3) the morning as we wanted to arrive before noon.

Besides, my father preferred driving in the morning to driving (4) night, especially a long drive such as this.

We reached Kuala Lumpur (5) four hours.

(6) the evening, (7) about seven o'clock, Uncle Thomas brought us to a restaurant for a grand seafood dinner.

(6) the evening, (7) about seven o'clock, Uncle Thomas brought us to a restaurant for a grand seafood dinner.

Before we left, we invited Uncle Thomas to pay us a visit (8) Christmas Day.

Sometimes, we make statements in the present perfect tense.

Example I have given him a pencil.

This statement is in the active voice. If we want to change that statement into the passive voice, the verb must follow this pattern: has/have + been + past participle

Examples Lionel and I have told him not to do it again. (Active voice) He has been told not to do it again. (Passive voice) Miss Leong has asked Randy to bring the books. (Action voice) Randy has been asked to bring the books. (Passive voice)

When a statement in the active voice is in the future tense and it has to be changed into the passive voice, the verb phrase can be changed according to this pattern: will + be + past participle

Examples Mary will show her brother the photographs. (Active voice) Her brother will be shown the photographs. (Passive voice) They will change their behaviour for the better. (Active voice) Their behaviour will be changed for the better. (Passive voice)

The agreement tomorrow by the two parties concerned. (will sign)

The trousers for a better fit before the school term starts. (will alter)

The shop this Wednesday as it is a public holiday.(will close)

The narrow road soon. (will widen)

The thief who robbed the shop by the police. (catch)

All the students of the English test which will take place soon. (inform)

The money on the table . (steal)

The missing ship sailing in the Straits of Malacca. (find)

These elephants to perform in a circus. (train)

The whole house recently. (paint)

The broken glasses into the dustbin. (throw)

A pit to trap the tiger. (dig)

The letter . (post)

The bird in the cage free. (set)

The sinking of an oil tanker (1) (report) off the southern coast of Singapore.

It (2) (cause) by a huge explosion on board.

Several sailors (3) (rescue), but the search for more survivors is still being continued.

Pieces of the wreckage (4) (spot) over a large area

and divers (5) (send) to help in the search.

With their help, more than a dozen bodies of dead sailors (6) (find).

Other boats and ships (7) (tell) to stay clear of the area

until the investigation (8) (complete).

Till now, the cause of the explosion (9) not (establish), but

the damage (10) (estimate) to be more than ten million dollars.

With verbs referring to sight, hearing and some actions, it is usual to write the verbs in the following way: verb + object + infinitive without 'to' Examples I saw him drive past my house yesterday. I heard her sing in the hall this morning. Mrs Wang made her son wash his hands before meals.

We saw the paratroopers ( jumps , jump , jumped ) from the aircraft.

Jennifer saw something ( move , moved , moves ) in the attic.

My father would not let me ( rode , ridden , ride ) a motorcycle.

The monitor made us ( picks , picked , pick ) up the litter on the floor before the teacher came in.

We saw a stranger ( enter , enters , entered ) the house through the back door.

The kind man helped the old lady ( crossed , cross , crosses ) the busy road.

The old man did not hear the telephone ( rung , rang , ring ) as he was sleeping.

Did you hear her ( sing , sang , sung ) at the concert?

Did you see anyone ( goes , gone , go ) into my room a little while ago?

The audience grew tense as they watched the trainer ( walks , walk , walked ) nearer and nearer to the lion.

My brother would not let me his car as I was too inexperienced to do so.

We saw the police officers the robbers down the street.

The teacher made the naughty boy the classroom for a week.

Did you see the dog over the fence?

She heard a baby in the room.

Lily watched her baby sister towards the doll.

The nurse watched the doctor the patient.

The coach made us every day.

The audience watched the clowns their act.

The lifeguard would not let the children at the deep end of the pool.

The brave man dived into the river. (They watched)

She went to the party with her classmates. (Sharon's mother let)

The car crashed into the fence. (The pedestrians saw)

You took the wallet from the counter. (Somebody saw)

Their children played in the sandpit. (The parents watched)

Andy borrowed my bicycle for a week. (I let)

We worked overtime yesterday. (Our manager made)

The gardener has chopped down the tree.

They have discovered gold in the stream.

The scouts have set up their tents.

The army has trained many soldiers.

They have fed the animals in the zoo.

I have already washed the car.

She has given me the keys to the house.

The men have destroyed the termites' nest.

The firefighters have put out the fire.

The students have handed in their books to their teacher.

The firefighters put out the raging fire. (The crowd watched)

She asked him for help. (I did not hear)

Someone opened the door. (She heard)

He joined them for dinner at a restaurant. (Peter's friends made)

The traffic police chased the speeding car. (We saw)

The thief stole the diamonds from the showcase. (Nobody saw)

The jet flew past the tower. (We saw)

We cleared the table after eating. (She made)

The verb after 'to' must be in its base or root form. Examples I invited my classmates to come to my birthday party. Mr Brown told the students to leave the room quietly.

The teacher told the students to ( handed , hand , hands ) in their homework immediately.

The librarian sternly warned the boys not to ( makes , made , make ) too much noise.

The soldiers were instructed to ( clean , cleaned , cleans ) their rifles.

Lisa helped her mother to ( washed , washes , wash ) the dishes after dinner.

The host invited us to ( stay , stayed , stays ) for lunch.

The burglar used a crowbar to ( broke , break , broken ) the lock.

The tired farmer asked his son to ( passes , passed , pass ) him a glass of water.

She advised me to ( seen , see , saw ) a doctor at once.

We asked the teacher to ( explains , explain , explained ) the difficult topic again.

The robber forced the young couple to ( gave , given , give ) him their money.

Ryan stayed at home. He did his homework.

The hunters set a trap. They caught the prowling tiger.

The planes flew low over the area. They were searching for the missing hikers.

He wore his jacket. He kept himself warm.

The gardener dug a hole. He planted a tree.

I asked the waiter. He brought me the menu.

An Eskimo uses blocks of ice. He builds an igloo.

The actors appeared on stage. They took their bow.

Some natives in Africa used an unusual way to set traps to (1) monkeys and baboons.

They would bore the side of a tree trunk to (2) a hole just big enough for a monkey's hand.

They would then leave a lump of sugar in it to (3) their prey.

Soon, a monkey or a baboon would come along. Unable to resist the temptation, it would place its hand into the hole to (4) the bait.

Grabbing the lump of sugar, the victim would find its hand stuck. It would pull with all its might to try to (5) , but it would never occur to the animal to...

...but it would never occur to the animal to (6) the lump of sugar, as the hole was too small for the fist clutching the bait.

The natives hiding nearby would then cast a net to (7) it.

The verb forming the present perfect continuous tense follows this pattern: has/have + been + present participle Examples This shop has been selling creative and educational toys for children for almost ten years. The naughty boys have been playing in the field since this morning.

The boys for the last half an hour. (swim)

Susan the piano since she was eight. (play)

My mother in the kitchen since ten o'clock this morning. (cook)

The farmer in his field the whole day. (work)

Chelsea to her friend on the telephone for the past hour. (talk)

You for half an hour and it is time to get back to work. (rest)

I for your call all day long. (wait)

They for the missing plane in the jungle since yesterday. (search)

The water for five minutes. (boil)

Lilian her homework all evening. (do)

The players hard for the coming tournament. (train)

The postal worker letters since eight o'clock this morning. (deliver)

Those two children in the library since two o'clock. (read)

My brother television since dinnertime. (watch)

This shop antique furniture for over a year. (sell)

EXAMPLE The pedestrians used the overhead bridge. They crossed the road. The pedestrians used the overhead bridge to cross the road.

Mary went to the well. She drew some water.

Wayne rushed to the bus stop. He wanted to catch the bus.

The police inspector instructed his men. They surrounded the house.

I used a long string. I tied the big parcel.

She boiled some water. She made a pot of tea.

Mr Goldman (1) (coach) the neighbourhood football team for several years.

The football team (2) (win) matches since he took over.

All the players (3) (improve) steadily in their skills, especially in their teamwork, since he started coaching them.

For the past few weeks, the team (4) (train) extremely hard for the final match.

All the players (5) (practise) hard the whole morning and afternoon.

Some Wh- words are 'where', 'when', 'what' and 'how'. Wh- clauses always start with these words.

Examples Can you suggest where to go for dinner? Sally did not know when to set off. He will know what to say later. Henry realises how to solve the puzzle.

Ben knows ( what , how ) to play badminton.

I always remember ( when , what ) to bring my school fees.

Mr and Mrs Wong have not planned ( what , where ) to do with the old furniture.

The couple is wondering ( what , where ) to go during the holidays.

The teacher told the students ( what , how ) to bring for their art lesson.

The instructor is teaching her ( where , how ) to drive the car.

The date on the library book tells us ( how , when ) to return it.

We cannot decide ( where , what ) to buy for his birthday.

Bob showed me ( how , what ) to hold the racket properly.

The attendant showed me ( where , when ) to park my car.

David showed me ( when , where , what ) to buy the shoes.

Susie is learning ( where , when , how ) to play the piano.

My mother is wondering ( where , what , when ) to cook for dinner tonight.

Do you know ( what , when , how ) to do if you are stung by a bee?

The teacher showed us ( how , what , where ) to use the scanner.

John wants to know ( when , where , what ) to meet us at eight o'clock tomorrow morning.

Nobody knows ( whose , when , what ) to return the rented boat.

When I was young, my father taught me ( what , when , how ) to swim.

The nurse will inform you ( when , where , what ) to go into the consultation room to see the doctor.

My brother is teaching me ( what , when , how ) to ride a bicycle.

What has the doctor been doing all day long? (treat patients) He

What have the workers been doing since eight o'clock this morning? (paint the house) They

What have the students been doing for the last one hour? (jog round the track) They

What have you been doing for the past one week? (study for my examination) I

What has your sister been doing since she returned from school? (do her homework) She

I was showing the tourist .

Mr Lee told the driver .

One of the players forgot .

The chef is wondering .

The sergeant is showing the soldier .

The usher showed us .

Our teacher told us .

The stewardess shows the passenger .

The librarian told Peter .

At the party, she showed him .

We know that some nouns are names given to activities. These nouns are special because they end with '-ing'.

Examples dancing, hiking, singing, jogging

These are called gerunds. To spot a gerund, replace the word which ends with '-ing' with just one noun.

Example She likes dancing. Replacement: She likes apples.

If we can substitute the word easily and correctly (grammatically), then we have spotted a gerund. Sometimes, we find a gerund phrase in a sentence.

Example He dislikes going to the market.

To get the full meaning of that part of the sentence, we must consider the gerund phrase as a whole.

Examples We went hiking with our classmates. ('Hiking with our classmates' is the gerund phrase.) Andy went jogging this morning with his sister. ('Jogging this morning with his sister' is the gerund phrase.)

Sharon enjoys at the beach.

The driver was fined for reckless .

Do you like in a small town?

Lionel prefers television to going out.

is bad for our health.

The detective succeeded in the murder case.

our teeth is a daily routine.

The naughty student received a from the teacher.

Jacob likes ghost stories.

is a good form of exercise.

She likes the idea of her holidays in Malaysia. (spend)

My brother loves spiders. (catch)

My mother does most of the . (cook)

These dirty clothes need . (wash)

The chef has just finished the cake. (bake)

We spent the whole afternoon by the river. (fish)

Mrs Davidson went to the shopping mall to do some . (shop)

Everybody started when the singer appeared on stage. (clap)

My hobby is old coins. (collect)

Mary is fond of to music. (listen)

EXAMPLE Sharon loves to eat chocolate. Sharon loves eating chocolate.

The boys like to play football.

Your dirty shoes need to be cleaned.

David does not like to do his homework on Sundays.

Jane and Jill love to try on new clothes.

Jenny likes to write compositions.

Most dogs like to chase after cats.

Randy likes to listen to the radio.

The baby likes to drink milk.

The old seaman spent most of his life from one port to another.

One of Selena's chores is the floor.

Everyone enjoys to the stories she tells.

comes naturally to most birds.

The members of the expedition were in the Amazon, the jungles.

One of his favourite pastimes is pictures of the sea.

This knife needs .

The motorist was caught by the traffic police.

is a crime.

My brother is fond of the guitar.

Adjectival clauses begin with relative pronouns. The relative pronouns are 'who', 'whom', 'whose', 'which' and 'that'.

(a) 'Who' is used when the clause referring to the subject of the sentence is a person. Example: The child who laughed out loud is my niece.

(b) 'Whom' is used when the clause referring to the object of the sentence is a person. Example: The man whom you were speaking to was rather rude.

(c) 'Whose' is a possessive relative pronoun. Example: The boy whose clothes were wet borrowed a shirt from John.

(d) 'Which' is used for living creatures other than human beings or for objects. Example: The rose plant which you gave me is growing well.

(e) 'That' may be used for all living creatures, including human beings, and for objects. Example: The rose plant that you gave me is growing well.

The man ( who , which , whom ) robbed the shop is in jail.

That is the boy ( whose , whom , who ) I saw take the bag.

The shoes ( whom , whose , which ) my father bought were too small for me.

The film ( who , which , whose ) I am going to see has won several awards.

We met the artist ( whom , whose , who ) paintings were exhibited at the gallery.

The police officer ( which , who , whom ) you spoke to is my brother.

The farmer caught the wolf ( who , which , whose ) had attacked his cow.

The man ( whom , whose , who ) came in the morning left this parcel for you.

The girl ( whose , who , which ) picture appeared in the newspaper is my friend.

The bicycle ( whose , which , whom ) is under the tree belongs to David.

The girl came in first in the beauty contest is my sister.

The car Mr Wang is now driving belongs to his brother.

Ben and Jenny, parents are both working, are very independent children.

The lady I greeted at the airport is my aunt.

The man in black the police had caught was a thief.

Our teacher told us a story was about a famous historian.

The boy broke his leg was taken to hospital.

We went to see a house had been put up for sale.

The man wallet was found in the dustbin is my neighbour.

The car was stolen last week has been recovered.

The boy won a prize. He is my friend. The boy

The tall man is my father. I waved to him. The tall man

We consoled the victims. Their houses were burnt down. We consoled

The elephants are from India. They have smaller ears. The elephants

Mrs Chow lives here. Her husband is a lawyer. Mrs Chow,

The customer has left the shop. I was speaking to him. The customer

The road leads to the park. It is very long and narrow. The road

The lady's purse was stolen. She made a report to the police. The lady

The delivery man brought the flowers. He has left. The delivery man

I live in Singapore. It is an island city. I live

This is a story about how Singapore, (1) was called Temasek, got its present name.

There once was a king (2) had three sons

(3) he loved dearly.

One of his sons (4) he made heir to his throne was Sang Nila Utama.

One day, the prince, (5) greatest desire was to travel, was sailing in his ship.

Suddenly, there was a great storm (6) wrecked his ship, throwing the prince and his men into the sea.

After the terrible storm, the prince and his men, (7) survived the terrible ordeal, were washed ashore on the island of Temasek.

There, in a clearing, the prince saw a strange animal (8) beauty he had never seen before.

It was a lion, (9) the natives called 'Singa'.

The prince decided to name the island 'Singapura', (10) means 'The Lion City'.

A clause which tells us where someone or something is, is an adverb clause of place. We use the subordinating conjunction 'where' to begin the clause. Examples: She hid where her mother could not find her. They are going where there is peace.

The principal stood .

You may bring your dog .

You may park .

The thief hid .

Plants cannot grow .

The turtles laid their eggs .

Please put the storybook back .

Put the money .

The detectives went .

You can place the food .

Jasmine went to the bus stop. Her friends were waiting there.

The teacher told the naughty student to sit in front. She could keep an eye on him.

This is the spot. The treasure is buried here.

Mrs Nelson goes to the shop. She always buys her groceries there.

The sales assistant behaved when the manager left.

We completed the work .

The plastic flowers looked . I had to touch them just to be sure.

Please do and stop arguing with me.

My friend walked after the marathon.

David always does his work .

The soldiers opened fire .

We watched in amazement when the strong man carried the heavy box .

The competitors ran .

She felt at the sight of blood.

EXAMPLE The little boy played at the playground. His parents could see him. The little boy played where his parents could see him.

This is the town. Leslie was brought up here.

That is the restaurant. The food there is very good.

He went to the counter. He left his wallet there.

The old man hid in the dark alley. No one could find him.

The boxer fought

We rushed to the shop

Being in a very good mood, Sharon feels

The actors performed

She shouted at him

The dog ran quickly down the road

The greedy boy ate his food

The football match was called off

The soldiers stood at attention

The little girl screamed

Adverb clauses of purpose are introduced by 'so that' (or 'in order that'). It is to show the purpose of doing something or why the action was being done. Examples He ran as fast as he could so that he could get onto the train that had just arrived. They plan to go for dinner at six o'clock so that they can catch a movie after that. Mary wants to finish her homework tonight so that she can go out with her friends tomorrow.

The old man puts on his spectacles .

Peter rushed to the bus stop .

The patient took the medicine .

Adverb clauses of manner sometimes begin with 'as' or 'as though'. In an adverb clause of manner, 'as' has the meaning of 'in the way something should be considered'. 'As though' has the meaning of 'like'. Examples: He painted the whole house red as it was ordered by his superior. She walked as though she was a queen.

He lay on the ground he was dead.

We did our work we were told.

She spent her money she was a millionaire.

The weather looks it is going to rain.

The swimmer won the gold medal he deserved.

His face turned white he had seen a ghost.

The police officers surrounded the house they were instructed by the inspector.

"What is that noise? It sounds a building has collapsed!"

The secretary sent the email it was requested by the manager.

You may do you please.

Learn to use 'as' and 'as though' in sentences. Go to My SAPeducation App or www.sapgrp.com

He painted the wire fence .

Denise studied very hard .

The robbers wore masks .

Sarah is saving some money .

Angela hid behind the door .

Mr Davidson took up jogging .

The road was closed to traffic .

How would you complete the sentences using adverb clauses of purpose? Go to My SAPeducation App or www.sapgrp.com

I wrote down the message (forget it)

Gary went to the library (borrow some books)

We brush our teeth regularly (decay)

The children went to the zoo (see the animals)

The athlete is training hard (win the race)

Melvin brought along his umbrella (get wet in the rain)

We use the overhead bridge (cross the road safely)

Mr Harrison rushed to the airport (miss his flight)

The explorers hired a guide (get lost)

The boys climbed the tree (pluck the fruit)

We play squash to keep fit.

Miss Wong is working overtime to finish her work.

Jason climbed over the wall to retrieve his ball.

Andrew went to the pharmacy to buy some medicine.

Mr Ronald bought a dog to guard his house.

The gardener dug a hole to plant a tree.

The police surrounded the house to trap the gunman.

We boiled some water to make tea.

I drive cautiously to avoid accidents.

Soldiers train hard to defend their country.

It is dangerous to near that deep drain.

Terence is too lazy to his homework.

The children are getting ready to to school.

I was curious to how the accident occurred.

I am sorry to about the accident.

My uncle has come to us.

Ray learnt to when he was very young.

My father decided to us to the beach.

The students are not allowed to in the classroom.

We were told to the rubbish into the dustbin.

One evening, I decided (1) a walk in the park.

Suddenly, a masked man appeared from behind the bushes and forced me (2) him all the money I had with me.

I was too scared (3) .

The man was much bigger than me and he held a knife in his hand. He threatened (4) me with it.

There was nothing I could do except (5) over my wallet to him.

Grabbing my wallet, he started (6) into the bushes.

After recovering from my shock, I began (7) for help, but there was nobody around (8) me.

After recovering from my shock, I began (7) for help, but there was nobody around (8) me.

Leaving the park, I went to the nearest police station (9) a report of the robbery.

One of the police officers told me that I was lucky (10) only my wallet.

The adverbs 'already', 'just' and 'yet' require the use of the present perfect tense most of the time. These adverbs contain references to time. We use 'already' for actions or things done and completed. We use 'just' for actions or things done and completed at that moment or within a short period of time. We use 'yet' for actions or things to be done or completed.

Examples I have just completed my project. We have already painted the walls in the bedrooms. He has just added up the costs for this project. I have not finished my homework yet.

Infinitive phrases are phrases that begin with 'to' and a verb that is in its base or root form.

Examples He wants to tell us a joke later. They were glad to find their bags untouched. Jane was afraid to look into the old, dusty cupboard.

I have not paid my school fees ( just , yet ).

She has ( already , just ) seen this movie twice.

My father has ( yet , just ) returned home from work.

The racket which he has ( already , just ) bought is broken.

Have the guests arrived ( just , yet )?

I saw her in the office ( already , just ) a few minutes ago.

The robbers had ( yet , already ) left when the police arrived.

He received his pay last week and he had ( yet , already ) spent it.

Let's go. We are an hour late.

Have you heard from her ?

There is plenty of time. It is one o'clock.

I am not hungry. I have finished my breakfast.

She has told you many times that she does not want to buy it.

I have to receive my salary this month.

Sara and her family have been to the zoo several times.

Who has not handed in his homework ?

Learn to use the adverbs 'already', 'just' and 'yet' in sentences. Go to My SAPeducation App or www.sapgrp.com

Simon was sad when he heard the bad news.

Alex was happy when he won the first prize.

The soldier was happy when he received the medal.

Mr Wong was angry when he found his car damaged.

Judy was surprised when she received a present from her principal.

The girl was brave. She saved the drowning boy.

I was shocked when I learnt that he was a thief.

Miss Lee was kind. She lent me her umbrella.

I was waiting for my friend who was late at the lobby of the cinema.

The movie had begun and my friend, who was almost twenty minutes late, had (3) to turn up.

The movie had (2) begun and my friend, who was almost twenty minutes late, had to turn up.

I had bought the tickets the day before.

'Batman' had been playing in town for several weeks, but my friend and I had (6) to see it.

'Batman' had (5) been playing in town for several weeks, but my friend and I had to see it.

After waiting for some time, I decided to watch the movie myself. I was about to enter the cinema when I heard someone call my name.

It was my friend. He had arrived in a taxi.

He explained to me that he had been very busy at work and had left his office a short while ago.

We entered the cinema, and although the movie had started some time ago, we were glad we did not miss the entire movie.

I prefer this blue shirt to the red .

She likes the pink roses more than the red .

Which of these buses goes to Smith Street?

These plates are too small. Please get me some bigger .

The houses in the suburban area are cheaper than the in the urban area.

of the sheep is missing.

These books are mine. The on the top shelf are yours.

Of the three watches shown to me by the salesman, I chose the most expensive .

This story is as interesting as the other .

The most expensive shoes are not necessarily the that are the most comfortable.

She prefers the white dress to the pink dress.

Please do not mix the clean clothes with the dirty clothes.

The book you are reading does not interest me. This book does.

The shells I found on the beach are unusual shells.

I don't want the blue pen. Please give me the red pen.

Do you want the long rulers or the short rulers?

We threw away the old sofa and bought a new sofa.

The king had three sons. The eldest son was heir to the throne.

That car is fast but this car is faster.

Of the eight planets in our solar system, Mars is the planet nearest to Earth.

The phrase 'let us' can be shortened to 'let's'. It is used for suggestions. When we use 'let's', the verb must be in its base or root form. Hence, it is incorrect to write this way: Let's had lunch at that restaurant. ✗ Let's cleared the table. It should be: Let's have lunch at that restaurant. ✓ Let's clear the table.

Examples Let's help him with his painting tomorrow. Let's watch the drama with him. Let's go to the zoo. Let's walk to the train station together. Let's speak to the teacher now.

'One' as a determiner means 'a single item'. Examples Give me one pencil. You do not have to give me so many pens. I only need one pen.

It may also be used as a pronoun when we speak of a single item which has already been mentioned earlier. Examples My teacher took an apple for herself and gave me one too. She is the one I told you about.

'Ones' is a pronoun meaning 'many'. Examples I enjoy looking at the roses here, especially the red ones. These are the only ones I have; I have thrown away the rest.

There is a good show in town.

Tomorrow is his birthday.

I am very hungry.

Andy is late.

It is a lovely day.

I am tired.

That parking lot is empty.

Diana is in hospital.

Jason and his friends are playing football.

It is going to rain.

A phrasal verb is made up of two words, a verb and a preposition or adverbial particle. Many phrasal verbs may be replaced by single words.

Example He will call on you tomorrow. (He will visit you tomorrow.)

Phrasal verbs can be referred to as idioms and the single words used in replacement are called precise words. The meaning of a phrasal verb is different from the meanings of the words that form the phrasal verb.

Examples She looked over the documents before she signed them. They gave away the answer to the interesting riddle. I shall look up the word in the dictionary later.

The following table lists some common phrasal verbs.

Let's ( has , have , had ) a game of squash.

Let's ( go , goes , went ) for a swim.

Let's ( taken , takes , take ) a walk in the park.

Let's ( saw , see , seen ) a movie tonight.

Let's ( buys , buy , bought ) a present for our teacher.

Let's ( pay , paid , paying ) David a visit.

Let's ( play , plays , played ) in the garden.

Let's ( waits , waited , wait ) for the taxi here.

Let's ( make , makes , made ) some tea.

Let's ( helped , helps , help ) him tidy the room.

Phrasal Verb | Meaning look over | examine look round | search look up | visit; try to find make off | escape make out | try to see or understand make up | form (an excuse) open up | become bigger (hole, crack); start to talk pass around | offer pass away | die pass by | walk past pick on | bully pick out | choose pick up | collect; lift point out | bring attention to pull out | leave; move; get something out push over | cause something or someone to fall put away | keep put back | return to its original position or place put down | write put on | wear put off | postpone put out | extinguish put up | build; stay ring up | phone run after | chase run away | leave; escape run down | hit; injure run into | hit; meet run out | use up run over | hit set aside | keep for use later set off | begin (a trip) set out | start to do set up | start; build switch off | turn off switch on | turn on switch over | change take after | look or behave like (an older relative) take apart | separate take in | allow someone to stay take off | leave; remove take on | accept take out | withdraw take up | be interested to spend time doing something throw away | dispose tidy away | pack and keep neatly try out | test or practise turn back | move in opposite direction; walk back turn down | not accept; reject turn in | return turn off | switch off turn on | switch on turn out | turn off; happen in a way turn up | come; attend; increase (heat, volume) wake up | start to pay attention to warm up | become warm; do exercise write back | reply (letter) write down | write on a piece of paper write in | write formally to request information write out | write something on paper in a neat way

The meeting has been called ( up , on , off ). It will be rescheduled tomorrow.

Last night, a burglar broke ( up , down , into ) my uncle's house.

Mr Smith asked John to turn ( up , down , on ) the volume of the radio as it was too loud.

Please add ( up , on , to ) all the figures and give me the total amount.

Several items have been left ( behind , of , out ) from the list.

The teacher found many mistakes in my composition when she went ( into , over , for ) it.

The student was asked to write ( back , in , down ) his name on the front page of the exercise book.

When must you hand ( in , back , down ) your homework?

The firefighters managed to put ( away , down , out ) the fire.

Did the boys turn ( up , on , back ) for football practice?

Mr and Mrs Lee were invited to a party. Before leaving the house, Mrs Lee told Melvin and Peter that they would (1) at about midnight.

Melvin was told to (2) his younger brother.

When it was time for bed, the two boys (3) their pyjamas

before (4) the lights. Soon Peter was fast asleep, but not Melvin.

He was wondering what would happen if a burglar were to (5) the house as they were all alone in the dark.

Suddenly, he heard a noise. He was very frightened. He quietly (6) his brother and told him about the noise.

“Let's (7) the police,” suggested Peter. However, the telephone was downstairs and both of them did not dare to leave their room.

Peter made another suggestion, “Let's (8) for help as someone might hear us and come to our rescue.”

Quickly, the boys (9) of bed.

They (10) the lights and began shouting for help. The door burst open. The boys screamed even louder. Mr and Mrs Lee watched in bewilderment before bursting into laughter.

| Phrasal Verb | Meaning | Phrasal Verb | Meaning | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | add in | include | give up | stop doing or trying | | add on | include something extra | go after | chase; try to catch | | add to | make better or stronger | go away | leave | | add up | calculate the sum | go back | return | | blow out | extinguish | go down | sink; become lower in amount | | blow up | explode | go for | choose or try to get something | | break down | cry; stop working | go into | start to do a type of job | | break in (into) | enter by force | go off | explode; leave | | break out | begin to happen; escape | go on | continue | | break up | separate or make into small pieces | go out | leave a place | | call off | cancel | go over | check; think carefully | | call on | visit | go through | search; experience | | call out | say out loud | go up | increase; explode | | call up | telephone | grow on | like more and more | | close down | stop operating | grow out (of) | become too big for one's clothes; stop doing (a habit, action) | | close up | move closer; not open for a while | grow up | develop | | come across | find; discover | hand back | pass back | | come along | follow | hand in | give | | come back | return | hand out | distribute | | fall back | move back or backwards | hand over | give responsibility or power to someone | | fall down | fall onto the ground | keep off | stay away | | fall out | quarrel | keep on | continue | | find out | discover | keep out | stay away | | get along | be friendly with | keep up | maintain | | get away | escape | knock about | hit a few times | | get in | enter | knock down | hit (with or by a vehicle) | | get off | finish work | leave behind | forget to take | | get on | continue; make progress | leave off | stop | | get out | escape; leave | leave out | exclude | | get over | finish; feel better | look after | take care of | | get up | wake up; stand up | look around | search | | give away | provide | look at | see | | give back | return | look for | search; hunt | | give in | agree or accept unwillingly | look on | watch | | give out | give (information) | look out | search |

In quoted speech (direct speech) and reported speech (indirect speech), we should look at the introductory verb.

Example She says, "I am coming home now."

The introductory verb is 'says'. There are also other introductory verbs which we may use, such as 'ask', 'tell', 'inform' and so on. When the introductory verb is in the present tense, then we do not change the tense of the verb in the speech within inverted commas.

Example John complains, "My brother is a nuisance."

In the reported speech, John complains that his brother is a nuisance.

Examples Mary says, "I am hungry." Mary says that she is hungry. They ask, "Why are you still here?" They ask why I am still there.

Peter says, "I am going to the cinema." Peter says

Mr Chang tells his son, "Wash your hands." Mr Chang tells his son

The police officer asks him, "What is your name?" The police officer asks him

"My brother is a doctor," says Alex. Alex says

"The radio is not working," complains the customer. The customer complains

"Hand in your homework," the teacher tells the students. The teacher tells the students

"Fall in!" the sergeant orders his men. The sergeant orders his men

The salesman says, "This watch is very expensive." The salesman says

Susan tells me, "We live in Australia." Susan tells me

The tourist asks, "Where is the hotel?" The tourist asks

"Don't play near the road," she tells the boys. She tells the boys

"The train has just left the station," says the porter. The porter says

I always rise at six o'clock in the morning.

The football match was cancelled due to the heavy rain.

The ship sank when it crashed into an iceberg.

The burglar escaped through the kitchen window.

The principal decided to postpone his staff meeting.

Please remove your shoes before you enter the house.

His father died when he was very young.

Although it was raining, the workers continued working.

John is wearing his jacket as it is getting very cold.

Did Pamela return the book which she borrowed from you?

"Moths are insects," says the teacher.

"When are you leaving for London?" my friend asks me.

"This kitten is mine," replies the little girl.

"Don't be late for dinner," his mother tells him.

"There has been an accident," the police officer informs us.

"Open fire!" the captain orders the soldiers.

The shopkeeper asks me, "Where is your mother?"

"Don't play with those matches," David's father tells him.

The patient tells the doctor, "There is a pain in my chest."

"You cannot park your car here," the attendant tells her.

"I have passed my examination," Ryan tells his parents.

The tutor says, "You have made a mistake."

When the introductory verb in quoted speech (direct speech) is in the past tense, then we need to change the tense of the verb in the speech within inverted commas.

Example John complained, "My brother is a nuisance." In the reported speech, John complained that his brother was a nuisance.

Examples "I am lost," said the little girl. The little girl said that she was lost. David said, "I am going to sleep." David said that he was going to sleep.

"I am going to the beach," said Henry. Henry said

Mr Lee told his son, "Do your homework." Mr Lee told his son

The police officer asked him, "Where are you going?" The police officer asked him

"I have no money left," said Mason. Mason said

"The eggs are not fresh," complained the customer. The customer complained

"Who is at the door?" Mrs Jones asked. Mrs Jones asked

"This house is haunted," the old man told the boys. The old man told the boys

Mr Dickens said, "I have been a lawyer for thirty years." Mr Dickens said

"Your mother is looking for you," Mr Smith told me. Mr Smith told me

"Do you like durians?" she asked him. She asked him

"I have lost my way," the boy told the police officer. The boy told the police officer

Timothy said, "The match is called off due to the heavy rain." Timothy said

"I found the wallet here," said Mary.

"When will you visit me?" Gary asked Andy.

"Don't be rude," Peter's mother told him.

"Drive carefully," my father advised my brother.

"Have you seen my walking stick?" my grandfather asked me.

"I want to buy a new washing machine," Mrs Thomas told the sales assistant.

"I do not know the answer," replied the student.

"Your friend is waiting for you at the lobby," Wendy told me.

"I am sure you can do it," the manager told the worker.

"I may be late for dinner," said my father.

"Where are you going tomorrow?" Albert asked Susan.

"The school bus will be leaving soon," the driver warned us.

We usually use 'bring' when we want to take someone or something with us to a place where we are at now / where we have been talking about / our home, or to a person whom we have talked about or spoken to. Examples Please bring me some roses the next time you visit me. You may bring those books here.

We usually use 'take' when we want to take someone or something with us to go to a place where we are not at now (think in terms of the opposite direction of 'bring'). Examples Please take these books when you leave. I can take you to the zoo next week.

We usually use 'fetch' when we refer to going some place to get someone or something and bringing them back. Examples John was asked to fetch his younger sister from school. The dog ran across the field to fetch the stick its master had thrown.

Please ( bring , take ) me a glass of water.

Do not forget to ( fetch , bring ) your school fees tomorrow.

I have decided to ( bring , take ) her to the clinic as she is sick.

Please ( fetch , take ) my glasses from the room. I need them to read the newspapers.

I ( fetch , bring ) my children home from school every day.

Melissa was asked to ( bring , take ) her dog out for a walk.

The judge told the guards to ( fetch , take ) the prisoner away.

Jack and Jill went up the hill to ( bring , fetch ) a pail of water.

Please ( take , fetch ) this box of cakes to Mrs Wong.

My boss reminded me to ( bring , fetch ) my children along with me to the party.

My parents often me to my grandparents' home on week-ends.

this bus if you want to get to Queens Street.

My father will me from the station this evening.

I must remember to my passport to the airport.

these soiled curtains to the laundry.

She was caught in the rain as she had forgotten to along her umbrella.

I need to two buses to get to his house.

My uncle and aunt always us presents whenever they visit us.

I have just taught my dog to the newspaper.

Did Alex his friends here the other day?

When we like something more than another, we can use 'prefer ... to ...'. We always place the item which we like more after the word 'prefer' and the second item which we do not like as much after the word 'to'. Examples: Trudy prefers oranges to apples. Alice and I prefer the blue dress to the red one.

Sarah would rather stay at home than go out.

We like swimming more than playing football.

Hazel would rather cycle than jog.

I like drinking coffee more than tea.

The students like Miss Lewis more than Mr Johnson.

We like the school library more than the neighbourhood bookshop.

Sharon likes to sing instead of composing songs.

The shopkeeper would rather receive cash than cheques.

He likes to ride a motorcycle more than to drive a car.

Everyone likes the beach better than the park.

Ryan would rather have a dog than a cat as a pet.

She likes the white dress more than the blue one.

We would rather swim in a pool than in the sea.

The students like English more than mathematics.

Most people like to watch a drama instead of acting in one.

Lesson 1 miniature : being smaller than normal size shoplifting : stealing things from shops

Lesson 2 enlist : to enrol in the army, navy or air force treaty : a document which shows cooperation over peace or trade deals between two parties, usually countries

Lesson 3 broadcast : to spread information over radio or television assign : to give something for someone to do caterer : someone who provides food and beverage services

Lesson 4 wreckage : the parts of a ship or a plane left after being destroyed investigation : a series of checks on something to find out the truth or cause of a problem, usually death or mishap which has recently taken place

Lesson 5 paratrooper : a military member who is trained to attack or land by parachuting from an aeroplane raging : very strong showcase : a glass box used to exhibit or display something, usually in a museum or a shop

Lesson 6 prowling : hunting or preying quietly and secretly

Lesson 7 extremely : being to a large extent

Lesson 8 sergeant : an officer in the army, navy or air force whose rank is higher than that of a corporal

Lesson 9 expedition : an exploration for a specific purpose

Lesson 10 gallery : a building where people can see collections of famous art pieces ordeal : a difficult period which someone goes through clearing : a part of the forest where there are no trees or bushes native : someone who is a local in a country

Lesson 11 fertilizer : a substance put on the soil to make plants grow scribble : to write quickly and untidily

Lesson 13 retrieve : to get something back pharmacy : a place where medical supplies can be bought

Lesson 14 occur : to happen

Lesson 16 suburban : being away from a city or town, in a countryside urban : being in a city or town

Lesson 17 tease : to laugh at someone

Lesson 18 bewilderment : a state of feeling confused

Lesson 19 nuisance : a person or thing that annoys you

Lesson 21 soiled : dirty

Lesson 22 compose : to write a piece of music

LESSON 1 - Exercise 1

LESSON 1 - Exercise 2

LESSON 1 - Exercise 3

LESSON 1 - Exercise 4

LESSON 2 - Exercise 5

LESSON 2 - Exercise 6

LESSON 2 - Exercise 7

LESSON 2 - Exercise 8

LESSON 3 - Exercise 9

LESSON 3 - Exercise 10

LESSON 3 - Exercise 11

LESSON 4 - Exercise 12

LESSON 4 - Exercise 13

LESSON 4 - Exercise 14

LESSON 5 - Exercise 15

LESSON 5 - Exercise 16

LESSON 5 - Exercise 17

LESSON 6 - Exercise 18

LESSON 6 - Exercise 19

LESSON 6 - Exercise 20

LESSON 7 - Exercise 21

LESSON 7 - Exercise 22

Exercise 23 1. has been coaching 2. has been winning 3. have been improving 4. has been training 5. have been practising

LESSON 8 Exercise 24 1. how 2. when 3. what 4. where 5. what 6. how 7. when 8. what 9. how 10. where

Exercise 25 1. where 2. how 3. what 4. what 5. how 6. where 7. when 8. how 9. when 10. how

Exercise 26 1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (2) 7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (2)

LESSON 9 Exercise 27 1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (4) 5. (2) 6. (1) 7. (4) 8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (2)

Exercise 28 1. spending 2. catching 3. cooking 4. washing 5. baking 6. fishing 7. shopping 8. clapping 9. collecting 10. listening

Exercise 29 1. The boys like playing football. 2. Your dirty shoes need cleaning. 3. David does not like doing his homework on Sundays. 4. Jane and Jill love trying on new clothes. 5. Jenny likes writing compositions. 6. Most dogs like chasing after cats. 7. Randy likes listening to the radio. 8. The baby likes drinking milk.

Exercise 30 1. sailing 2. sweeping 3. listening 4. Flying 5. exploring 6. painting 7. sharpening 8. speeding 9. Stealing 10. playing

LESSON 10 Exercise 31 1. who 2. whom 3. which 4. which 5. whose 6. whom 7. which 8. who 9. whose 10. which

Exercise 32 1. who 2. which 3. whose 4. whom 5. whom 6. which 7. who 8. which 9. whose 10. which

Exercise 33 1. The boy who won a prize is my friend. 2. The tall man whom I waved to is my father. 3. We consoled the victims whose houses were burnt down. 4. The elephants which are from India have smaller ears. 5. Mrs Chow, whose husband is a lawyer, lives here. 6. The customer whom I was speaking to has left the shop. 7. The road which leads to the park is very long and narrow. 8. The lady whose purse was stolen made a report to the police. 9. The delivery man who brought the flowers has left. 10. I live in Singapore, which is an island city.

Exercise 34 1. which 2. who 3. whom 4. whom 5. whose 6. which 7. who 8. whose 9. which 10. which

LESSON 11 Exercise 35 1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (1)

Exercise 36 1. This is where Leslie was brought up. 2. That is where the food is very good. 3. He went where he left his wallet. 4. The old man hid where no one could find him. 5. Jasmine went where her friends were waiting. 6. The teacher told the naughty student to sit where she could keep an eye on him. 7. This is where the treasure is buried. 8. Mrs Nelson goes where she always buys her groceries.

LESSON 12 Exercise 37 1. as though 2. as 3. as though 4. as though 5. as 6. as though 7. as 8. as though 9. as 10. as

Exercise 38 1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (1) 5. (2) 6. (2) 7. (3) 8. (1) 9. (1) 10. (2)

Exercise 39 (Suggested answers) 1. as though he was fighting for his life. 2. as we were told. 3. as though nothing can upset her. 4. as they were directed. 5. as though he had done something terribly wrong. 6. as though someone was chasing after it. 7. as though he had not eaten for a long time. 8. as it was demanded by one of the captains of the teams. 9. as they were commanded by the general. 10. as though she was in pain.

LESSON 13 Exercise 40 1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (3) 7. (1) 8. (1) 9. (2) 10. (1)

Exercise 41 1. I wrote down the message so that I would not forget it. 2. Gary went to the library so that he could borrow some books. 3. We brush our teeth regularly so that they will not decay. 4. The children went to the zoo so that they could see the animals. 5. The athlete is training hard so that he may win the race. 6. Melvin brought along his umbrella so that he would not get wet in the rain. 7. We use the overhead bridge so that we can cross the road safely. 8. Mr Harrison rushed to the airport so that he would not miss his flight. 9. The explorers hired a guide so that he would not get lost. 10. The boys climbed the tree so that they could pluck the fruit.

Exercise 42 1. We play squash so that we can keep fit. 2. Miss Wong is working overtime so that she can finish her work. 3. Jason climbed over the wall so that he could retrieve his ball. 4. Andrew went to the pharmacy so that he could buy some medicine. 5. Mr Ronald bought a dog so that it would guard his house. 6. The gardener dug a hole so that he could plant a tree. 7. The police surrounded the house so that they could trap the gunman. 8. We boiled some water so that we could make tea. 9. I drive cautiously so that I may avoid accidents. 10. Soldiers train hard so that they can defend their country.

LESSON 14 Exercise 43 1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (4) 9. (1) 10. (3)

Exercise 44 1. Simon was sad to hear the bad news. 2. Alex was happy to win the first prize. 3. The soldier was happy to receive the medal. 4. Mr Wong was angry to find his car damaged. 5. Judy was surprised to receive a present from her principal. 6. It was brave of the girl to save the drowning boy. 7. I was shocked to learn that he was a thief. 8. It was kind of Miss Lee to lend me her umbrella.

Exercise 45 1. to take 2. to give 3. to move 4. to stab 5. to hand 6. to run 7. to shout 8. to help 9. to make 10. to lose

Lesson 15, Exercise 46: 1. yet, 2. already, 3. just, 4. just, 5. yet, 6. just, 7. already, 8. already

Lesson 15, Exercise 47: 1. already, 2. yet, 3. just, 4. just, 5. already, 6. yet, 7. already, 8. yet

Lesson 15, Exercise 48: 1. already, 2. just/already, 3. yet, 4. already, 5. already, 6. yet, 7. just, 8. just, 9. just, 10. already

Lesson 16, Exercise 49: 1. one, 2. ones, 3. one, 4. ones, 5. ones, 6. One, 7. ones, 8. one, 9. one, 10. ones

Lesson 16, Exercise 50: 1. She prefers the white dress to the pink one. 2. Please do not mix the clean clothes with the dirty ones. 3. The book you are reading does not interest me. This one does. 4. The shells I found on the beach are unusual ones. 5. I don't want the blue pen. Please give me the red one. 6. Do you want the long rulers or the short ones? 7. We threw away the old sofa and bought a new one. 8. The king had three sons. The eldest one was heir to the throne. 9. That car is fast but this one is faster. 10. Of the eight planets in our solar system, Mars is the one nearest to Earth.

Lesson 17, Exercise 51: 1. have, 2. go, 3. take, 4. see, 5. buy, 6. pay, 7. play, 8. wait, 9. make, 10. help

Lesson 17, Exercise 52: 1. (2), 2. (1), 3. (3), 4. (1), 5. (2), 6. (1), 7. (2), 8. (1), 9. (3), 10. (3)

Lesson 18, Exercise 53: 1. off, 2. into, 3. down, 4. up, 5. out, 6. over, 7. down, 8. in, 9. out, 10. up

Lesson 18, Exercise 54: 1. (3), 2. (1), 3. (2), 4. (2), 5. (4), 6. (1), 7. (2), 8. (3), 9. (4), 10. (3)

Lesson 18, Exercise 55: 1. come back, 2. look after, 3. put on, 4. switching off, 5. break into, 6. woke up, 7. ring up, 8. call out, 9. got out, 10. turned on

Lesson 19, Exercise 56: 1. Peter says that he is going to the cinema. 2. Mr Chang tells his son to wash his hands. 3. The police officer asks him what his name is. 4. Alex says that his brother is a doctor. 5. The customer complains that the radio is not working. 6. The teacher tells the students to hand in their homework. 7. The sergeant orders his men to fall in. 8. The salesman says that that watch is very expensive. 9. Susan tells me that they live in Australia. 10. The tourist asks where the hotel is. 11. She tells the boys not to play near the road. 12. The porter says that the train has just left the station.

Lesson 19, Exercise 57: 1. The teacher says that moths are insects. 2. My friend asks me when I am leaving for London. 3. The little girl replies that that kitten is hers. 4. His mother tells him not to be late for dinner. 5. The police officer informs us that there has been an accident. 6. The captain orders the soldiers to open fire. 7. The shopkeeper asks me where my mother is. 8. David's father tells him not to play with those matches. 9. The patient tells the doctor that there is a pain in his/her chest. 10. The attendant tells her that she cannot park her car there. 11. Ryan tells his parents that he has passed his examination. 12. The tutor says that I have made a mistake.

Lesson 20, Exercise 58: 1. Henry said that he was going to the beach. 2. Mr Lee told his son to do his homework. 3. The police officer asked him where he was going. 4. Mason said that he had no money left. 5. The customer complained that the eggs were not fresh. 6. Mrs Jones asked who was at the door. 7. The old man told the boys that that house was haunted. 8. Mr Dickens said that he had been a lawyer for thirty years. 9. Mr Smith told me that my mother was looking for me. 10. She asked him whether he liked durians. 11. The boy told the police officer that he had lost his way. 12. Timothy said that the match was called off due to the heavy rain.

Lesson 20, Exercise 59: 1. Mary said that she had found the wallet there. 2. Gary asked Andy when he would visit him. 3. Peter's mother told him not to be rude. 4. My father advised my brother to drive carefully. 5. My grandfather asked me whether I had seen his walking stick. 6. Mrs Thomas told the sales assistant that she wanted to buy a new washing machine. 7. The student replied that he/she did not know the answer. 8. Wendy told me that my friend was waiting for me at the lobby. 9. The manager told the worker that he was sure he/she could do it. 10. My father said that he might be late for dinner. 11. Albert asked Susan where she was going the following day. 12. The driver warned us that the school bus would be leaving soon.

Lesson 21, Exercise 60: 1. bring, 2. bring, 3. take, 4. fetch, 5. fetch, 6. take, 7. take, 8. fetch, 9. take, 10. bring

Lesson 21, Exercise 61: 1. take, 2. Take, 3. fetch, 4. bring, 5. Take, 6. bring, 7. take, 8. bring, 9. fetch, 10. bring

Lesson 22, Exercise 62: 1. Sara prefers staying at home to going out. 2. We prefer swimming to playing football. 3. Hazel prefers cycling to jogging. 4. I prefer drinking coffee to drinking tea. 5. The students prefer Miss Lewis to Mr Johnson. 6. We prefer the school library to the neighbourhood bookshop. 7. Sharon prefers singing to composing songs. 8. The shopkeeper prefers receiving cash to receiving cheques. 9. He prefers riding a motorcycle to driving a car. 10. Everyone prefers the beach to the park. 11. Ryan prefers a dog to a cat as a pet. 12. She prefers the white dress to the blue one. 13. We prefer swimming in a pool to swimming in the sea. 14. The students prefer English to mathematics. 15. Most people prefer watching a drama to acting in one.